What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It usually appears in the second or third trimester. Although it often goes away after childbirth, GDM can affect both mother and baby. For this reason, it is important to know about gestational diabetes in pregnancy and how to manage it.
Common Symptoms of GDM
Many women with GDM may not notice any symptoms. However, some may experience signs that are easy to overlook. For example, you might feel more thirsty than usual. Or, you may need to urinate more often. Sometimes, tiredness or blurred vision can also occur. Because these symptoms can be mild, regular check-ups are important during pregnancy.
Causes and Risk Factors
GDM happens when the body cannot use insulin well during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone that helps control blood sugar. As pregnancy progresses, hormones from the placenta can make it harder for insulin to work. This leads to higher blood sugar levels. Still, not everyone develops GDM. Certain factors can raise your risk.
Additionally, having high blood pressure or giving birth to a large baby before can increase your risk.
How GDM is Diagnosed
Doctors use special tests to check for GDM. Usually, they recommend a glucose screening test between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. First, you drink a sweet liquid. Then, your blood is tested to see how your body handles sugar. If your results are high, you may need a second test called the oral glucose tolerance test. This helps confirm the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
Early diagnosis is key to managing GDM and keeping you and your baby healthy.
Treatment and Management Options
Managing gestational diabetes is important for a healthy pregnancy. Most women can control GDM with lifestyle changes. However, some may need medicine or insulin. Your doctor will guide you on the best plan for you.
With the right care, most women with GDM have healthy pregnancies and babies.
Lifestyle Tips for Managing GDM
Simple changes can help you manage gestational diabetes in pregnancy. For instance, eating smaller meals more often can keep blood sugar steady. Also, choosing whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is helpful. Staying active is important, too. Even a short daily walk can make a difference.
Always talk to your doctor before making big changes to your diet or activity.
Prevention Strategies
While not all cases of GDM can be prevented, some steps may lower your risk. Before pregnancy, try to reach a healthy weight. During pregnancy, eat well and stay active. If you had GDM before, let your doctor know early. This way, you can start monitoring sooner.
These steps can help reduce the chance of developing gestational diabetes.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you notice symptoms like extreme thirst, frequent urination, or blurred vision, contact your doctor. Also, if you have risk factors for GDM, ask about early testing. Remember, regular prenatal visits are the best way to catch GDM early. Early care can help prevent problems for you and your baby.
For personalized advice on managing gestational diabetes, consult a healthcare specialist.